Toll-like receptors: critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Recognition of pathogens is mediated by a set of germline-encoded receptors that are referred to as pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs). These receptors recognize conserved
Type III protein secretion systems in bacterial pathogens of animals and plants. Various gram-negative animal and plant pathogens use a novel, sec-independent protein secretion system as a basic virulence mechanism. It is becoming increasingly
Cardif is an adaptor protein in the RIG-I antiviral pathway and is targeted by hepatitis C virus. Antiviral immunity against a pathogen is mounted upon recognition by the host of virally associated structures. One
The plant immune system Many plant-associated microbes are pathogens that impair plant growth and reproduction. Plants respond to infection using a two-branched innate immune system. The first branch recognizes and responds to molecules
Dermatol Sinica, Giant Molluscum Contagiosum with Concurrence ofMolluscum DermatitisWen-Yu Chang Chih-Po Chang Sen-An Yang Wan-Ting Huang** Gwo-Shing ChenFrom the Departments of Dermatology and Pathology,** Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital Dermatologic Clinic
